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Cultic
Studies Journal
Psychological Manipulation and Society
Vol. 11, No. 1, 1993
The
Group Psychological Abuse Scale: A Measure of the Varieties of Cultic Abuse
William V. Chambers,
Ph.D. University College, Mercer University
Michael D. Langone, Ph.D. American Family Foundation
Arthur A. Dole, Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania
James W. Grice, M.A. University of New Mexico
Abstract
The Group Psychological Abuse (GPA) scale was developed from a factor analysis of
308 former cult members' characterizations of their groups. Four subscales were derived:
Compliance, Exploitation, Mind Control,
and Anxious Dependency. Reliability and validity findings suggest the GPA should be useful
in characterizing the varieties of abuse and in differentiating cults from innocuous
groups.

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